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Title: Method for keeping aquatic animals alive over long period of time
Claims: What we claim is: 1. A method for keeping aquatic animals alive over a long period of time substantially without feeding them and in a high density in environmental water, comprising the steps of: (A) placing aquatic animals in environmental water; (B) controlling the temperature of said environmental water so that said temperature is maintained at the lowest possible temperature range in which said aquatic animals are able to exist; (C) controlling ammonia compounds in said environmental water so that the total concentration thereof does not exceed 20 ppm; (D) controlling water-soluble organic compounds in said environmental water so that the total concentration thereof does not exceed 150 ppm; (E) controlling carbonic acid radical in said environmental water so that it does not exceed a concentration of 1000 ppm and; (F) regulating molecular oxygen dissolved in the environmental water so that its concentration is maintained at 3 ppm or more, the concentrations of said ammonia compounds and water-soluble organic compounds in said environmental water being controlled by bringing said environmental water into contact with a hypohalite so as to oxidize said ammonia compounds and said organic compounds therein while the hypohalite is converted to halide non-toxic to said aquatic animals. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the density of said aquatic animals is in a range higher than 200 kg/m.sup.3 but not exceeding 700 kg/m.sup.3. 3. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the density of said aquatic animals is in a range of from 250 to 600 kg/m.sup.3. 4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentrations of the ammonia compounds and the water-soluble organic compounds are additionally controlled by continuously flowing fresh environmental water having a concentration of the ammonia compounds of less than 20 ppm and a concentration of the water-soluble organic compounds of less than 150 mm through the environment of said aquatic animals. 5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of said ammonia compounds in said environmental water is additionally controlled by adsorbing said ammonia compounds with an adsorbing material. 6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein said adsorbing material is selected from organic polymeric cation-exchange resins, natural zeolite, synthetic zeolite, aluminium alumino-silicate, magnesium alumino-silicate, zirconium phosphate, zirconium tungstate, zirconium molybdate, activated carbon and mixtures of two or more of the above-mentioned materials. 7. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein said organic polymeric cation-exchange resin is selected from sulfonic acid and salt type strong acidic cation-exchange resins and from carboxylic acid and salt type weak acidic cation-exchange resins. 8. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein said adsorption is carried out by flowing said environmental water through a path containing a mass of said adsorbing material. 9. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of said water-soluble organic compounds in said environmental water is additionally controlled by adsorbing said organic compounds with an adsorbing material. 10. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said adsorbing material is selected from activated carbon, silica, silica-alumina, bone black, acid clay, activated clay and mixtures of two or more of the above-mentioned materials. 11. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said adsorption is carried out by flowing said environmental water through a path containing therein said adsorbing material. 12. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of said water-soluble organic compounds in said environmental water is additionally controlled by coagulating and precipitating said organic compounds with aluminium hydroxide and separating the precipitant from said environmental water. 13. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said carbonic acid radical is removed from said environmental water by bringing said environmental water into contact with the atmospheric air so as to allow said carbonic acid radical to be released in the form of carbon dioxide from said environmental water into the atmosphere. 14. A method as claimed in claim 13, wherein said contact of said environmental water with atmospheric air is effected by blowing the atmospheric air into said environmental water. 15. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of said oxygen in said environmental water is controlled by bringing said environmental water into contact with air so as to allow oxygen to dissolve into said environmental water. 16. A method as claimed in claim 15, wherein said contact of said environmental water with air or oxygen gas is effected by blowing air or oxygen gas into said environmental water. 17. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein any remaining hypohalite oxidizing agent in said environmental water is converted into a substance which is non-toxic to said aquatic animals. 18. A method as claimed in claim 17, wherein the initial oxidizing operation is effected simultaneously with an adsorbing operation for said ammonia compounds and said organic compounds with an adsorbing material or materials. 19. A method as claimed in claim 17, wherein the conversion of said remaining oxidizing agent is effected by bringing said remaining oxidizing agent into contact with an activated carbon, natural zeolite, synthetic zeolite, aluminium alumino-silicate, magnesium alumino-silicate or a mixture of two or more of the above-mentioned materials. 20. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a portion of said environmental water is withdrawn, said withdrawn portion of said environmental water is treated in steps (B) through (F) and, thereafter, said treated portion of said environmental water is returned back to the environment of said aquatic animals. Other info: Inventors: Kominami, Naoya (Fuji, JP) Fukumi, Hirokazu (Fuji, JP) Yamawaki, Naokuni (Fuji, JP) Nomura, Junji (Fuji, JP) Application Number: 802338 Filing Date: 1977-06-01 Publication_date: 1980-05-13 Assignee: Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha (Tokyo, JP) Primary Class(es): 119/226 Other Classes: US Patent Ref:
Other Refs:
Primary Examiner: Mancene, Louis G. Assistant Examiner: Swiatek, Robert P. Attorney: Sprung, Felfe, Horn, Lynch & Kramer |
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