Title: Machine tool fault indicator

Description: This invention relates to a machine tool having a plurality of mechanisms undergoing a predetermined sequence of operations under the control of an electrical circuit in a series of events, and more particularly to an auxiliary circuit for indicating a lack of any required starting condition to operate the machine in an automatic mode or the lack of any required sequential operation of a mechanism during an event and for interrupting the further operation of the machine tool until the fault causing the failure of the required condition is corrected.

In a machine tool, for example a grinding machine for grinding the crankpins of a crankshaft, an unground crankshaft is mounted in a workpiece holder and rotatably driven with a particular crankpin positioned coaxially with the axis of rotation and centered with the periphery of a rotating grinding wheel which is advanced against the rotating crankpin until it is ground to a desired size. Next, the grinding wheel is retracted and the crankshaft is moved both axially and rotationally to position another crankpin at the axis of rotation for another grinding operation, and this sequence of events is repeated for each grinding operation until all of the crankpins are ground, whereupon the finished crankshaft may be removed from the workpiece holder.

The positioning of a crankpin in the workpiece holder relative to the grinding wheel and the movements of both the workpiece holder and the grinding machine typically involve a plurality of mechanisms which may be operated in a manual mode or in a predetermined sequence of events in an automatic mode by a control circuit which includes a considerable pg,3 number of limit switches, fluid pressure switches, push buttons and other electrical switch components. However, occasionally the electric switch components fail to operate properly and disable the grinding machine, and in a high production machine tool, such a disablement is costly and to be minimized. However, when a large number of electric switch components are involved, there is often considerable difficulty in diagnosing and correcting the particular fault involved.

Accordingly, an object of the invention is to provide an electric controlled machine tool with an auxiliary circuitry for indicating a faulty switch component.

Another object of the invention is to provide auxiliary circuitry for indicating a fault in an initial starting condition of a machine tool.

An additional object of the invention is to provide a machine tool control system with auxiliary circuitry for indicating a fault in the sequential events of a grinding operation.

A further object of the invention is to provide a machine tool control system with auxiliary fault indicating circuitry which will prevent the starting or continuation of an automatic mode of operation until all faults are corrected.

Still other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from a reading of the following detailed description wherein:

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a grinding machine having a plurality of mechanisms operated sequentially by a control system with an auxiliary fault indicating circuitry constructed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of a workpiece holder and associated electric switch elements;

FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of a positioning mechanism for a workpiece and associated switch elements for axially locating a crankpin and carrying workrest and gage mechanisms;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along lines 4--4 in FIG. 3 and showing the operation of the axial locator mechanism;

FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of a grinding wheel base and associated moving mechanism and a control circuitry for effecting a sequence of grinding operations;

FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic illustration of a rotary indexing mechanism for a rotatable positioning differential crankpin at the axis of rotation of the workpiece holder;

FIG. 7 is a portion of a control circuit for operating the mechanisms of the grinding machine and providing input logic signals to a sequence controller;

FIG. 8 is another portion of the control circuit for operating the mechanisms of the grinding machine in response to output logic signals from a sequence controller; and

FIG. 9 is another portion of the control circuit and illustrating the logic of the sequence controller for producing output logic signals in response to input logic signals.

Referring now in detail to the figures in the drawing, and more particularly to FIG. 1, there is shown diagrammatically a grinding machine, generally indicated 11, for grinding the pins of a crankshaft which may be mounted in a workpiece carriage, generally indicated 13. The grinding machine 11 includes a grinding wheel 15 rotatably carried by a wheel base 17 which is slidably supported on a bed 19 for movement to and from the workpiece carriage 13, and the workpiece carriage 13 is slidably supported on another bed 21 for movement transverse to the slidable movement of the grinding wheel base 17 to position different crankpins for grinding. The workpiece carriage 13 includes generally similar left and right headstocks 23L, 23R respectively, for receiving the workpiece, and the headstocks 23L, 23R are rotatably driven to enable the crankpins to be ground to a cylindrical configuration. The movements of the grinding wheel 15 and workpiece carriage 13 are effected by electrical and hydraulic arrangements as more particularly described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,118,258 and 3,716,949, to which reference may be made for further details.

As more particularly shown in FIG. 2, an unground crankshaft is mounted in the workpiece carriage 13 by placing the opposite ends of the crankshaft in similar clamping mechanisms, generally indicated 25L, 25R respectively, which are carried by rotatable drive plates 27L, 27R respectively associated with the left and right headstocks 23L, 23R. The clamping mechanisms 25L, 25R are carried on the rotatable drive plates 27L, 27R so that the opposite ends of the crankshaft are spaced from the axis of rotation of the rotatable drive plates 27L, 27R, and the crankshaft must be rotated in the clamping mechanisms 25L, 25R until the first crankpin to be grounded is coaxial with the axis of rotation of the headstocks 23L, 23R. To facilitate the proper alignment of the first crankpin, the left drive plate 27L carries an indexing spindle 29 having a projecting stud 31 which is received in a corresponding indexing bore in the end of the crankshaft when the axis of the first crankpin is coaxial with the axis of rotation of the drive plates 27L, 27R.

When the operation of the grinding machine 11 is started, the left end of the crankshaft is pressed against the indexing spindle 29 by the operation of an engager mechanism, generally indicated 33, which pushes an engager rod 35 against the right end of the crankshaft. As shown, the engager rod 35 is mechanically connected to a piston 37 which is slidably disposed in a cylinder 39, and the piston 37 is driven by the pressure of hydraulic fluid supplied through suitable inlet and outlet conduits under the control of a suitable solenoid operated valve 41. A hydraulic pressure switch 43 is connected to the inlet conduit of the cylinder 39, and when the crankshaft is pressed against the indexing spindle 29 the pressure switch 43 is operated to enable the operation of a positioning mechanism 45.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the positioning mechanism 45 is pivotally supported on the bed 21 of the workpiece carriage 13 and is moved from a lowered rest position to a raised operating position by applying hydraulic fluid to a cylinder 47. The cylinder 47 has a piston 49 slidably disposed therein which is mechanically connected to the positioning mechanism 45, and the piston 49 is driven to raise the positioning mechanism 45 by hydraulic fluid which is supplied to the cylinder 47 through inlet and outlet conduits under the control of a suitable valve 51 which is actuated by a solenoid. Upon reaching the raised operating position, the positioning mechanism 45 engages an adjustable stop abutment 53 and operates a limit switch 55 which energizes another solenoid 51' associated with the engager valve 51 to reduce the pressure on the engager rod 35 and which enables the operation of an axial locating mechanism, generally indicated 57, which is carried by the positioning mechanism 45.

As more particularly shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the upper portion of the positioning mechanism 45 is received between the arms of a crankshaft adjacent the crankpin to be ground, and the axial locating mechanism 57 includes a pair of locating fingers 59 for engaging the adjacent crankarms. The locating fingers 59 are supported about a common pivot point on the positioning mechanism 45 and are spread apart by a rod 61 to axially align the crankpin with the grinding wheel 15. As shown, the rod 61 is mechanically connected to a piston 63 which is slidably disposed in a hydraulic cylinder 65 in the positioning mechanism 45, and the piston 63 is advanced rearwardly to spread the locating fingers 59 by hydraulic fluid which is supplied to the cylinder 65 through conventional inlet and outlet conduits under the control of a suitable solenoid operated valve 67.

Upon aligning the first crankpin with the grinding wheel 15, the advancement of the rod 61 operates a limit switch 69 to enable the clamping mechanisms 25L, 25R to grip the ends of the crankshaft. As more particularly shown in FIG. 2, the clamping mechanisms 25L, 25R each include a pivotally supported clamp arm 70 which is pressed against the crankshaft by a piston 71 which is slidably disposed in a hydraulic cylinder 73. The piston 71 is mechanically connected to the clamp arm 70 and driven by hydraulic fluid which is supplied to the cylinder 73 through suitable inlet and outlet conduits under the control of a solenoid operated valve 75. As the clamping mechanisms 25L, 25R close against the crankshaft, the clamp arms 70 operate limit switches 77 which enable latching mechanisms associated with each headstock 23L, 23R and generally indicated 79 to lock the clamp arms 70 closed to prevent an accidental opening of the clamping mechanism 25L, 25R. As shown in FIG. 2, the latching mechanisms 79 each include a pin 81 which is moved adjacent the pivotally supported clamp arms 70 to limit the pivotal movement thereof. Each latching pin 81 is connected to a piston 83 which is slidable in a hydraulic cylinder 85, and the pistons 83 are driven to the latching position by hydraulic fluid supplied to the cylinder 85 through conventional inlet and outlet conduits under the control of a solenoid operated valve 87.

As the latching pins 81 move to the locking position, associated limit switches 89 are operated which enable the axial locator mechanism 57 to be retracted and the positioner mechanism 45 to be lowered to the rest position where a limit switch 91 is operated to cause the headstocks 23L, 23R to be rotatably driven for a grinding operation. As more particularly shown in FIG. 2, each of the drive plates 27L, 27R have associated gears 93L, 93R which are driven by corresponding gears 95L, 95R carried on a shaft 97 extending parallel to the axis of rotation of the drive plates 27L, 27R and driven by a suitable motor, not shown.

When the rotatably driven headstocks 23L, 23R reach a predetermined speed, as sensed by a suitable plugging switch 99, the grinding operation may be initiated by advancing the rotating grinding wheel 15 toward the workpiece. As more particularly shown in FIG. 1, the grinding wheel 15 is carried by the wheel base 17 which is advanced from a retracted position to a forward position by a rapid hydraulic feed arrangement, generally indicated 101, which is in the form of a piston 103 slidably disposed in a cylinder 105 formed in the bed 19 of the grinding machine 11. The piston 103 is secured to a feed screw 107 threadably engaging a half nut 109 associated with the wheel base 17, and the wheel base 17 is advanced to the forward position by supplying hydraulic fluid to the rearward end of the cylinder 105 through conventional inlet and outlet conduits under the control of a suitable solenoid-operated rapid feed valve 111 so as to drive the piston 103 forward until the end of the feed screw 107 abuts against a forward stop 113.

When the grinding wheel base 17 reaches the forward position, a limit switch 115 is operated by a rearward projection 117 of the feed screw 107 to initiate the operation of an electrical feed control circuit, generally indicated at 119 in FIG. 5, for effecting further advancement of the grinding wheel 15. As shown in FIG. 1, the feed screw 107 is driven through a gear drive, generally indicated 121, by an electric motor 123 operated by the electrical feed control circuit 119 which may be located in a control panel 125 adjacent the grinding machine 11. The electrical motor 123 may be a suitable stepping motor operated in accordance with pulses supplied from the electrical feed control circuit 119 with each pulse being representative of a predetermined feed distance or degree of rotation of the feed screw 107 for effecting relative movement between the wheel base 17 and the bed 19.

In grinding a crankpin workpiece to a desired size, the grinding wheel 15 is typically advanced from the forward position to a final position in a sequence of grinding movements involving preselected feed rates over preselected feed ranges followed by preselected dwell periods. To enable an operator to establish a program of grinding movements, the grinding control circuit 119 includes operator programming controls, generally indicated at 127 and located on the control panel 125, which consist of feed rate switches 129, feed range switches 131, and dwell timers 133 which may be individually set by an operator. The feed range switches 131 determine the total number of pulses to be supplied to the stepping motor 123 and hence the distance advanced during the grinding sequences, while the feed rate switches 129 determine the rate at which the selected number of pulses are supplied to the motor 123 and the dwell timers 133 determine the period of time the grinding wheel 15 remains at the end point of a corresponding feed range before undergoing further movement. The details of the feed rate switches 129, the feed range switches 131 and the dwell timers 133 are not described, and the details of the movement of the grinding wheel 15 are only partially described since they are adequately explained in the above-mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,716,949, to which reference may be made for further details of the involved electrical feed control circuit 119.

When the limit switch 115 is operated by the movement of the grinding wheel 15 to the forward position, a sequence controller 135 is actuated to supply an ON signal to a gate 137 to enable pulses to pass from a suitable pulse source 139 to a suitable motor drive circuit 141 for operating the motor 123 to advance the grinding wheel 15 into engagement with the workpiece. As more particularly described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,716,949, the pulse source 139 may be in the form of a frequency convertor receiving pulses from a crystal oscillator and producing output pulses at a rate determined by the feed rate switches 129. At the same time, pulses are also supplied to a suitable comparator circuit 143 and when the number of pulses equals a first feed range, as determined by a signal from the feed range switches 131, the comparator circuit 143 actuates the sequence controller 135 which supplies an OFF signal to the gate 137 for a period of time determined by the dwell timers 133. Upon completion of a selected dwell period, the sequence controller 135 again supplies an ON signal to the gate 137 to effect the next grinding sequence in the same manner.

After preliminary grinding of the crankpin to achieve a uniform cylindrical configuration, the sequence controller 135 operates the positioning control valve 51 to raise the positioning mechanism 45 to the operating position in the manner previously described. Upon movement of the positioning mechanism 45 to the operating position, a suitable gage, generally indicated 145, is placed on the workpiece and the limit switch 55 is operated to advance a workrest mechanism, generally indicated 147, into engagement with the crankpin. As more particularly shown in FIG. 3, the gage 145 includes calipers 149 which are resiliently supported on the positioning mechanism 45 for engagement with the crankpin and are mechanically connected to a suitable sensor 151 providing a signal to the comparator circuit 143 indicative of the actual size of the crankpin. The workrest 147 is mechanically connected to a piston 153 slidably disposed in a hydraulic cylinder 155 of the positioning mechanism 45, and the workrest 147 is advanced against the crankpin by hydraulic fluid supplied to the cylinder 155 under the control of a suitable solenoid operated control valve 157.

Upon engagement of the gage 145 with the crankpin, the gage 145 supplies a signal to the comparator circuit 143 which actuates the controller 135 to continue the grinding operation with further sequences of movements of the grinding wheel 15 until the gage 145 senses the desired size of the workpiece. As shown in FIG. 5, the gage 145 is connected to the comparator circuit 143 which is also connected to the feed range switches 131, and when the size of the workpiece, as sensed by the gage 145, equals the desired size, as indicated by the feed range switches 131, the comparator circuit 143 supplies a signal to the sequence controller 135 indicating the completion of the grinding operation.

When the crankpin is ground to the desired size, the sequence controller operates the workrest control valve 157 to retract the workrest 147 from the crankpin and operates the positioner control valve 51 to lower the positioner mechanism 45 to the rest position in the manner previously described whereupon the limit switch 91 is operated. At the same time, the rapid feed valve 111 is operated to drive the piston 103 rearwardly to return the grinding wheel to the retracted position whereupon another limit switch 159 is operated by another projection 161 carried by the feed screw 107. In addition, the electrical feed control circuit 119 is operated in a reverse mode, and the sequence controller 135 supplies an ON signal to gate 137 to enable pulses from the pulse source 139 to be supplied to the stepping motor drive circuit 141 to reversely drive the motor 123 to a reset position.

When the positioner mechanism 45 and the grinding wheel 15 are returned to the rest positions, as indicated by the operation of the limit switches 91 and 159, the workpiece is moved to position another crankpin for grinding. As more particularly shown in FIG. 1, the workpiece carriage 13 is slidably supported on the bed 21 for movement transverse to the grinding wheel 15, and the location of the workpiece carriage 13 relative to the grinding wheel 15 is determined by the engagement of a plunger 169 in one of a series of notches 171 of a spacing bar 173 associated with the workpiece carriage 13 and which corresponds to the crankpins of the crankshaft mounted in the workpiece carriage 13. To position the next crankpin for grinding, the plunger 169 is removed from the notch by operating a solenoid 175 which is mechanically connected to the plunger 169 to enable movement of the workpiece carriage 13. The workpiece carriage 13 is mechanically associated with a piston 177 slidably disposed in a hydraulic cylinder 179 formed in the bed 21, and movement of the piston 177 is effected by supplying hydraulic fluid to the cylinder 179 through conventional inlet and outlet conduits under the control of a suitable solenoid operated valve 181.

As the workpiece carriage 13 is slidably driven along the bed 21, the plunger 169 is resiliently urged against the spacing bar 173 by suitable biasing means, not shown, and when the next notch 171 is brought into alignment with the plunger 169, the plunger 169 moves into engagement with the notch 171 to stop the movement of the workpiece carriage 13. Reengagement of the plunger 169 in a notch 171 operates a limit switch 183 which deenergizes the valve 181.

At the same time the workpiece carriage 13 is being moved to axially displace the crankshaft, the crankshaft is rotated to coaxially align the next crankpin with the axis of rotation of the headstocks 23L, 23R. To enable the crankshaft to be rotated relative to the headstocks 23L, 23R, the clamping mechanisms 25L, 25R are loosened by deenergizing the clamp valve 75 to reduce the pressure acting on the pistons 71 associated with the clamp arms 70. Next, the crankshaft is acted upon by a rotary indexing mechanism, generally indicated 185 in FIG. 6, to rotate the index spindle 29 associated with the left drive plate 27L. As shown, the index spindle 29 is rotatably carried by the drive plate 27L and is connected by suitable gears, generally indicated 187, to an electromagnetic brake 189 which is rotatable about the axis of the drive plate 27L. Normally, the indexing spindle 29 is locked against rotation by a solenoid operated plunger 191 which is also carried by the drive plate 27L and received in a notch of the indexing spindle 29 associated with one of the crankpins to be ground. When the next crankpin is to be rotatably indexed for grinding, the plunger 191 is removed from the indexing spindle 29 and the electromagnetic brake 189 is energized to effect a relative rotational movement of brake 189 with the rotating drive plate 27L to rotate the indexing spindle 29. The rotational movement of the crankshaft continues for a period of time determined by a suitable timing mechanism, not shown, until the next crank pin is coaxially aligned with the axis of rotation of the headstocks 23L, 23R, whereupon the brake 189 is deenergized and the plunger 191 engages a notch in the indexing spindle 29 which corresponds to the next crankpin.

The reengagement of the rotary indexing plunger 191 may be indicated by suitable means, not shown, and when the workpiece carriage plunger 169 is also reengaged with the next notch 171, an index match is signaled which initiates the grinding operation as previously described.

When the last crankpin has been ground, as indicated by the operation of a limit switch 193 in conjunction with the movement of the workpiece carriage 13 to a location for engagement by the index plunger 169 in the last notch 171, the workpiece carriage 13 is moved to the initial position under the control of the carriage valve 181 until a limit switch 195 is operated in conjunction with the reengagement of the carriage plunger 169 in the first notch 171. Upon movement to the initial position, the headstocks are brought to rest and the latch valves 87 are operated to remove the latch pins 81 from adjacent the clamp arm 70 so that the clamping mechanisms 25L, 25R may be fully opened to enable the ground crankshaft to be replaced with another workpiece.

As described above, the mechanisms of the grinding machine 11 operate in a sequence of movements under the control of limit switches and solenoid operated valves. Typically, the sequence of movements are effected automatically in a mass production machine; however, manual controls in the form of push buttons and selector switches are also provided to enable an operator to selectively move individual mechanisms for such purposes as adjustment and repair of the mechanisms. To enable the mechanisms to be operated in a sequence of movements, in either an automatic mode or a manual mode, the limit switches, valves, push buttons and selector switches form a portion of a control circuit, generally indicated 201 in FIGS. 7 and 8, which includes the sequence controller 135 in FIG. 5. Each of the push buttons, selector switches, and limit switches are arranged to provide input signals interfacing with the sequence controller 135 while the solenoids and other relays are arranged to operate in response to signals from the sequence controller 135.

As more particularly shown in FIG. 7, each of the push button switches, selector switches and limit switches are connected in series with an associated input signal converter between 110V power conductors for converting 110V signals into input logic signals for interfacing with the sequence controller 135. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 8, the solenoids and relays are each connected in series with an associated output signal converter between 110V power conductors for interfacing with the sequence controller 135 to convert output logic signals into 110V signals operating the solenoids and relays. The sequence controller 135 may be any suitable programmable controller, such as Modicon Model 0-84 manufactured by the Modicon Corporation of Andover, Massachusetts, and the sequence controller may be programmed with a suitable electronic logic as shown, by way of example only, in FIG. 9. Although the logic circuitry of the controller could be illustrated in different forms, it is shown in FIG. 9 in the form of relay circuits arranged between parallel power supply lines with the input logic signals being indicated to the left of the power supply lines and the output logic signals being indicated to the right of the power supply lines.

As previously mentioned, the grinding machine 11 may be operated in either a manual mode or an automatic mode according to the choice of the operator, and the push button switches and selector switches for both modes of operation are located on the control panel 125 along with a normally open MACHINE START push button switch 203 and a normally closed MACHINE STOP push button switch 205, as shown in FIG. 7. The START and STOP push button switches 203 and 205 respectively are connected in series with a power relay CR1 across a pair of power input terminals, and the control circuit 201 may be energized by momentarily depressing the MACHINE START push button to energize the power relay CR1 and close normally opened contacts CR1 leading to the previously mentioned power conductors of the control circuit 201 as well as holding contacts CR1 connected in parallel with the MACHINE START push button 203. To prevent the push button and selector switches associated with the manual mode of operation from interfering with the operation of the grinding machine 11 during an automatic mode of operation, the operator switches associated with the manual mode of operation are connected between a pair of power conductors L.sub.1 --L.sub.1 which are separately energizable only through normally open contacts CR2. The other push button switches and limit switches along with the sequence controller 135 are connected between another pair of power conductors L.sub.2 --L.sub.2 which are energized by the closing of the contacts CR1 as previously described.

To operate the grinding machine 11 in the manual mode, it is first necessary to depress a RESET push button 207 to disable the controls associated with the automatic mode of operation, as will be explained below, and then depress a MANUAL SELECT push button 209 to energize the power conductors L.sub.1 --L.sub.1. As shown in FIG. 7, the depression of the MANUAL SELECT push button energizes an associated logic signal converter A to supply an input logic signal A to the sequence controller 135 to operate the logic circuitry. As shown in FIG. 9, the input logic signal A closes corresponding normally open contacts A which are connected in series with normally closed contacts 8 and B, and a logic relay 1 which is energized to close associated holding contacts 1 connected in parallel with the contacts A and 8 and to provide an output logic signal 1. As shown in FIG. 8, the logic signal 1 operates a corresponding output signal logic converter 1 to energize a control relay CR2 which closes the previously mentioned contacts CR2 to energize the power conductors L.sub.1 --L.sub.1 and the manual mode switches connected therebetween.

With the manual mode switches energized, the engager mechanism 33 may be operated by depressing the ENGAGER push button switch 311 to supply an input logic signal AA to the sequence controller 135. The input logic signal AA closes corresponding contacts AA to engergize a logic relay 2 which operates a corresponding output logic converter 2 to energize the solenoid operated engager valve 41. As previously described, the hydraulic fluid supplied to the cylinder 39 operates a hydraulic pressure switch 43 which is connected in series with a logic signal converter F between the power conductors L.sub.1 -- L.sub.1, so as to cause an input logic signal F to be produced which closes corresponding contacts F which are connected in series with normally open contacts BB and normally closed contacts FF to condition a logic relay 3 for energization. Similarly, the engager mechanism 33 may be retracted by opening the ENGAGER push button selector switch to remove the input logic signal AA and open the corresponding contacts AA to deenergize the logic relay 2 and remove the logic outfput signal 2 to deenergize the solenoid operated engager valve 41.

Next, the positioner mechanism 45 may be raised to the operating position by depressing the POSITIONER UP push button 313 to produce an input logic signal BB which closes the corresponding contacts BB mentioned above to energize the logic relay 3 which closes associated holding contacts 3 connected in parallel with the contacts F and BB and at the same time closes contacts 3 connected in series with a logic relay 4. The logic relay 4 closes associated holding contacts 4 which are serially connected with normally closed contacts K in parallel with the contacts 3. In addition, the logic relay 4 produces an output logic signal 4 which energizes the solenoid operated positioner valve 41 to raise the positioner mechanism 45 to the operated position whereupon the limit switch 55 is operated. The limit switch 55 causes an logic input signal G to be produced which closes corresponding contacts G to energize a logic relay 5 which closes associated holding contacts 5 and produces a logic output signal 5 which energizes a solenoid 51' to reduce the pressure on the engager rod 35.

With the positioner mechanism 45 at the raised operating position, the axial locating mechanism 57 may be advanced by depressing a LOCATOR SELECTOR switch 315 to produce an input logic signal CC which closes corresponding contacts CC connected in series with normally open contacts G and 5, now closed and normally closed contacts 56 to energize a logic relay 6 which produces a logic output signal 6 which energizes the solenoid operated valve 67 to effect the axial positioning of a crankpin as previously described.

When the crankpin is axially aligned, the clamping mechanisms 25L, 25R may be closed by depressing a CLAMPS CLOSE push button switch 317 to produce an input logic signal DD which closes corresponding contacts DD to energize a logic relay 7 which closes holding contacts 7, which are serially connected with normally closed contacts NN in parallel with the contacts 7, and at the same time closes associated contacts 7 to energize a serially connected logic relay 8. The logic relay 8 produces an logic output signal 8 which energizes the solenoid operated clamp valve 75 to close the clamping mechanisms 25L, 25R as described hereinabove. Similarly, the clamping mechanisms 25L, 25R may be opened by depressing a CLAMPS OPEN push button 335 to produce an input logic signal NN which opens the above mentioned corresponding normally closed contacts NN, to deenergize the logic relay 7, thereby opening the associated contacts 7 to deenergize the logic relay 8 to remove the logic output signal 8 and deenergize the solenoid operated clamp valve 75.

With the closing of the clamping mechanisms 25L, 25R, the limit switches 77 are operated to produce an input logic signal J which closes corresponding contacts J connected in series with normally open contacts EE to condition a logic relay 9 for operation. Next, the latch mechanisms 79 may be operated by depressing a LATCH selector switch 319 to produce a logic input signal EE which closes the above mentioned contacts EE to energize the logic relay 9 which closes associated holding contacts connected in parallel with the contacts J, and at the same time closes associated contacts 9 to energize a serially connected logic relay 10. The logic relay 10 produces a logic output signal 10 which energizes the solenoid operated latch valve 87 to lock the clamping mechanisms 25L, 25R closed as previously described. In addition, the movement of the latch mechanisms 79 operate the limit switch 89 which produces an logic input signal K which opens the previously mentioned normally closed contacts K which are connected in series with the logic relay 4, thereby deenergizing the solenoid operated positioner valve 51 to lower the positioner mechanism 45 to the rest position as previously described. In addition, the lowering of the positioner mechanism 45 opens the limit switch 55 to remove the logic input signal G, thereby opening the corresponding contacts G to deenergize the logic relay 6 to remove the logic output signal 6 to deenergize the solenoid operated locator valve 67 and retract the locating fingers 59 as described above.

When the clamping mechanism 25L, 25R are latched closed by the latch mechanisms 79, the above mentioned logic input signal K closes corresponding contacts K connected in series with normally open contacts GG to condition a logic relay 11 to be operated, and at the same time closes corresponding contacts K connected in series with normally open contacts HH to condition a logic relay 13 for operation. The headstocks 25L, 25R may now be jogged by depressing a HEADS JOG push button switch 323 to produce an logic input signal GG which closes the corresponding normally open contacts GG to energize the logic relay 11 which closes associated contacts 11 to energize a serially connected logic relay 12 to produce a logic output signal 12 which energizes a motor relay MR to effect the operation of a motor driving the shaft 97 to rotate the headstocks 25L, 25R. Alternatively, the headstocks 25L, 25R maybe driven by depressing a HEADS RUN push button switch 325 to produce a logic input signal HH which closes the corresponding normally open contacts HH to energize the logic relay 13 which closes associated holding contacts 13 serially connected with normally closed contacts JJ in parallel with the contacts HH and K, and at the same time closes associated contacts 13 connected in parallel with the logic relay 13 to produce the logic output signal 12 which effects the rotational drive of the headstocks 25L, 25R as described hereinabove. When the headstocks 25L, 25R reach a predetermined speed, a suitable plugging switch 99 is operated to produce a logic input signal L which closes corresponding contacts L in the sequence controller as will be explained below. To stop the rotational drive, a HEADS STOP push button switch 327 may be depressed to produce a logic input signal JJ which opens the above mentioned normally closed contacts JJ to deenergize the logic relay 13 and open the associated contacts 13 to deenergize the logic relay 12, thereby removing the logic output signal 12.

To advance the grinding wheel 15 to the forward position, a WHEELBASE IN push button switch 329 may be depressed to produce a logic input signal KK which closes corresponding contacts K to energize a logic relay 14 which closes associated contacts 14 connected in series with normally closed contacts LL in parallel with the contacts KK. In addition, the logic relay 14 closes other associated contacts to energize a serially connected relay 15 to produce a logic output signal 15 which energizes the solenoid operated rapid feed valve 111 to advance the grinding wheel 15 as previously described until the feed screw abuts against the forward stop 113. Similarly, the wheel base 17 may be moved to the retracted position by depressing a WHEEL BASE OUT push button switch 331 to produce a logic input signal LL which opens the corresponding normally closed contacts LL to deenergize the logic relay 14 and open the associated contacts 14 to deenergize the logic relay 15, thereby removing the logic output signal 15 and deenergizing the solenoid operated rapid feed valve 111.

When the crankpin is properly aligned with the axis of rotation of the headstocks 25L, 25R, an "index match signal" is provided by a suitable index match logic relay, not shown, to close associated contacts throughout the sequence controller 135 as a safety measure. With the index match contacts closed, an indexing operation may be commenced to position the crankpin for grinding. To begin an indexing operation, the positioner mechanism 45 must be in the lowered rest position as indicated by the operation of a limit switch 91, the wheel base must be in the retracted position as indicated by the operation of a limit switch 137, and the headstocks 25L, 25R must be rotatable driven at the predetermined speed as indicated by the operation of the plugging switch 99. The limit switch 91 produces a logic input signal M which closes corresponding contacts in the sequence controller and the plugging switch 99 produces a logic input signal L which closes corresponding contacts L in the sequence controller.

To initiate an indexing operation by traversing the workpiece carriage 13, an INDEXING push button switch 33 may be depressed to produce an logic input signal MM which closes corresponding contacts MM connected in series with the now closed contacts M, O, L and normally closed contacts 56 to energize a logic relay 18. The logic relay 18 closes associated holding contacts connected in parallel with the contacts MM, M, O and L and at the same time produces a logic output signal 18 which energizes the solenoid operated carriage index plunger 175 and the solenoid operated carriage valve 181. With the energization of the solenoid operated valve 175, 181, the movement of the workpiece carriage 13 is initiated along with the rotation of the crankshaft by the energization of the electromagnet brake 189 by suitable means, not shown, as previously described. In addition, the logic relay 18 closes associated contacts 18 connected in series with normally closed contacts 56 and P to energize a logic relay 19 connected in parallel with the contacts 18 which closes associated holding contacts 19 connected in parallel with the contacts 18 and produces a logic output signal 19 which energizes a solenoid operated valve 181' to drive the workpiece carriage to the right.

As the crankshaft is moved axially and rotated, the index match contacts are opened to deenergize the logic relay 18, thereby opening the associated contacts 18 and removing the logic output signal 18 to deenergize the solenoid operated valve 175 for the plunger 169 and the solenoid operated valve 181. The movement of the carriage continues due to the operation of the valve 181', and the carriage index plunger 169 is normally urged against the spacing bar 173 as previously desribed. When another indexing notch 171 is brought into alignment with the plunger 169, the plunger is moved into engagement with the notch 171 to stop the movement of the workpiece carriage 13 and at the same time operates a limit switch 183. The closing of the limit switch 183 produces a logic input signal P which opens the above-mentioned corresponding normally closed contacts P to deenergize the logic relay 19 which opens associated holding contacts 19 and removes the logic output signal 19 to deenergize the solenoid operated valve 181'. Although not described, the rotary indexing of the crankpin continues until the plunger 191 engages a corresponding notch in the index spindle 29 which deenergizes the electromagnetic brake 189 in the manner described above and again closes the index match contacts throughout the sequence controller 135.

The indexing movement of the workpiece carriage may continue in the manner described above until all the crankpins have been aligned with the axis of rotation of the headstocks 23L, 23R for undergoing a grinding operation. With the workpiece carriage 13 positioned to enable the last crankpin to be ground, a limit switch 193 is closed which produces logic input signals Q to close corresponding contacts Q throughout the sequence controller 135. At the conclusion of the grinding of the last crankpin, with the positioner mechanism 45 in the rest position, the wheel base 17 in the retracted position, and the headstocks 23L, 23R running at the predetermined speed, the input logic signals L, M and O are produced to close corresponding contacts in the sequence controller 135 and the index match contacts are closed. As shown in FIG. 9, contacts Q, L, M and O and index match are connected in series with normally opened contacts MM to condition the logic relay 20 for energization. Accordingly, the INDEX pushbutton switch 333 may be depressed to produce a logic signal MM to energize the logic relay 18, previously described, to produce a logic output signal 18 which energizes the solenoid operated carriage index plunger 175 and the solenoid operated carriage valve 181, previously described. At the same time, the logic input signal MM closes the abovementioned corresponding contacts connected in series with the relay 20 which closes associated contacts 20 connected in series with normally closed contacts R, 19 and 56 to energize a logic relay 21 which closes holding contacts 21 connected in parallel with the contacts 20 and also produces the logic output signal 21 which energizes the solenoid operated valve 181", not shown, to effect the return of the carriage to an initial position. When the workpiece carriage 13 reaches the initial position, a limit switch 195 is closed to produce logic input signals R which open the corresponding normally closed contacts R to deenergize the logic relay 21 to remove the logic output signal 21 and deenergize the solenoid operated valve 181". At the same time, the return of the workpiece carriage 13 to the initial position enables the plunger 169 to reengage a notch 171 associated with the initial position.

When it is desired to operate the grinding machine 11 in the automatic mode to succesively grind the crankpins of a crankshaft, it is first necessary to disengage the operator controls associated with the manual mode of operation. The disengagement of the operator controls may be effected by depressing a RESET push button switch 207 to produce a logic input signal B which opens the normally closed contact B connected in series with the logic relay 1 so as to deenergize the logic relay 1 and remove the logic output signal 1, thereby deenergizing the control relay 2 and opening the associated contacts CR2 leading to the power conductors L.sub.2 --L.sub.2. Next, an AUTOMATIC SELECT push button 211 may be depressed to produce a logic input signal C to close corresponding contacts C connected in series with normally closed contacts 1 associated with the logic relay 1 and normally open contacts 23 to energize a logic relay 24. However, for the contacts 23 to be closed, the grinding machine 11 must be in an initial position for starting a grinding operation. As shown in FIG. 9, normally open contacts R, P and index match are connected in series with normally closed contacts L and K to energize a logic relay 22 having associated contacts 22 connected in series with normally open contacts M and O and normally closed contacts H and J to energize the logic relay 23 having the above mentioned associated contacts 23 serially connected with the logic relay 24. In the initial condition, the limit switch 195 is closed to provide the logic input switch R, the carriage index plunger is in the first notch 171 to close the limit switch 183 to provide the logic input switch P, and the index match contacts must be closed. The headstocks 23L, 23R must not be running to produce the logic input signal L and the latches must not be operated to produce the logic input signal K. The clamps must be opened so as to not produce logic input signal J, the wheel base must be in the retracted position to produce the logic input signal O, the locator must be retracted to not produce the logic input signal H, and the positioner must be in the rest position to produce the logic input signal M.

When all of the initial conditions are satisfied, the logic relay 24 is energized to close associated contacts 24 connected in series with normally closed contacts B and 56 to energize logic relay 25 which closes associated holding contacts 25 connected in parallel with the contacts 24. At the same time, the logic relay 25 closes associated contacts 25 which are connected in series with normally open contacts D and normally closed contacts E and 35 to condition logic relay 26 for operation. After loading a crankshaft in clamping mechanisms 25L, 25R as previously described, the automatic operation may be initiated by depressing a CYCLE START push button 213 to produce a logic input signal D which closes the contacts D to energize logic relay 26 which closes associated holding contacts 26 connected in parallel with the contacts D and 25.

When the automatic mode of operation is initiated with the energization of the logic relay 26, associated relay contacts 26 are closed throughout the sequence controller 135. As shown in FIG. 9, the closing of the relay contacts 26 energizes the logic relay 2 to provide a logic output signal 2 which energizes the solenoid operated engager valve 41, as previously described to press the crankshaft against the index spindle 29. An increasing hydraulic pressure in the engager cylinder 39 operates the pressure switch 43 to produce the logic input signal F which closes corresponding contacts F connected in series with contacts 26 and normally closed contacts 56 to energize logic relay 27. The energization of logic relay 27 closes associated contacts 27 connected serially with normally closed contacts K to energize logic relay 4 which closes holding contacts 4 connected in parallel with the contacts 27 and produces logic output signal 4.

As previously described, the logic output signal 4 energizes the solenoid operated positioner valve 51 to raise the positioner mechanism 45 to the raised operating position whereupon the limit switch 55 is operated to produce the logic input signal G which closes corresponding contacts G as previously described to energize the logic relay 5 and produce the logic output signal 5 which energizes the solenoid 51 to reduce the pressure on the engager rod 35. At the same time, the logic input signal G closes corresponding contacts G serially connected through now closed contacts 26 and normally closed contacts K to energize logic relay 6 to produce a logic output signal 6.

The logic output signal 6 energizes the solenoid operated valve 67 associated with the locator mechanism 57 to spread the locator fingers 59 and axially position a crankpin for grinding. As the locating fingers 59 spread under the advancement of the rod 61, as previously described, the rod actuates the limit switch 69 to produce the logic input signal H.

The logic input signal H closes corresponding contacts H connected in series with now closed contacts 26 and normally closed contacts 56 to energize logic relay 28 which closes associated contacts 28 connected in series with now closed contacts P to energize a logic relay 29 which closes holding contacts 29 connected in parallel with the contacts 28, and at the same time closes contacts 29 connected in parallel with the previously mentioned contacts 7 to energize logic relay 8. The energization of logic relay 8 produces a logic output signal 8 which energizes the solenoid operated valve associated with the clamping mechanism 25L, 25R. With the closing of the clamping mechanism, the limit switches 77 are operated to produce a logic input signal J. The logic input signal J closes corresponding contacts J connected in series with normally closed contacts 56 and the now closed contacts 26 to energize logic relay 30 which closes holding contacts 30 connected in parallel with the contacts 56 and J, and at the same time closes associated contacts 30 connected in parallel with the contacts 9 to energize the logic relay 10. The energization of the logic relay 10 produces logic output signal 10 which energizes the solenoid operated latch valve 87 to advance the latch pins 81 and lock the clamp arms 69 closed.

With the closing of the latches, the limit switch 89 is operated to produce the logic input signal K which opens the normally closed contact K connected in series with the logic relay 4 so as to remove the logic output signal 4 to deenergize the solenoid operated positioner valve 51 to lower the positioner mechanism 45 to the lowered rest position. In addition, the logic input signal K opens corresponding normally closed contacts K connected in series with the logic relay 6 to remove the logic output signal 6 and deenergize the solenoid operated valve 67 to enable the locator mechanism 57 to be retracted.

As the positioner mechanism 45 moves from the raised operating position toward the lowered rest position, the limit switch 55 is opened to remove the logic input signal G which enables corresponding normally closed contacts G to again close, and the logic input signal K closes corresponding contacts connected in series with the now closed contacts 26 and normally closed contacts G to energize logic relay 31 which closes associated contacts 31 connected in series with normally closed contacts 56 to energize logic relay 32 which closes associated holding contacts 32 connected in parallel with the contacts 31 and at the same time closes associated contacts 32 to energize logic relay 12. The energization of the logic relay 12 produces a logic output signal 12 which energizes the relay MR which initiates the rotatable drive of the headstocks 23L, 23R.

As the headstrocks reach a predetermined speed, the plugging switch 99 closes to produce logic input signal L which closes corresponding contacts L connected in series with now closed contacts 26, normally closed contacts 403 and 56 to energize logic relay 33. Upon energization, the logic relay 33 closes associated contacts 33 connected in series with now closed contacts 10 and 12 and index match to energize logic relay 34 which closes associated contacts 34 connected in parallel with contacts 14 to energize logic relay 15. The energization of the logic relay 15 produces a logic output signal 15 which energizes the solenoid operated rapid feed valve 111 to advance the grinding wheel to the forward position. Upon reaching the forward position, the grinding wheel base 17 closes limit switch 115 to produce logic input signal N which initiates the operation of the electric feed control circuit 119 as previously described. During the operation of the electric feed control circuit, as previously described, the grinding wheel is advanced through a preliminary grinding operation. Upon completion of the preliminary grinding operation, as indicated by a signal supplied from the comparator circuit 143 to the sequence controller 135, contacts 401 are closed by suitable means, not shown, to produce a logic input signal 401. The logic input signal 401 closes corresponding contacts 401 connected in series with the now closed contacts N and normally closed contacts 56 and 403 to energize logic relay 16 which closes holding contact 16 connected in series with the contacts N, 401 and 56. At the same time, the logic relay 16 closes associated contacts 16 to energize serially connected logic relay 4 which closes holding contacts 4 as previously described and produces a logic output signal 4.

As the positioner mechanism 45 reaches the raised operation position the gage 145 is placed on the workpiece and the limit switch 55 is operated to produce a logic input signal G. As shown in FIG. 9, the logic input signal G closes corresponding contacts G connected in series with now closed contacts 401 and normally closed contacts 56 and 403 to energize logic relay 17 which closes holding contacts 17 connected in parallel with the contacts G, 401 and 56. The energization of the logic relay 17 produces a logic output signal 17 which energizes the solenoid operated valve 157 to effect the advancement of the work rest mechanism 147 into engagement with the crankpin as previously described.

As previously described, the grinding operation continues under the control of the electric feed control circuit 119 unitl the size of the crankpin, as sensed by the gage 145, equals the desired size as indicated by the feed range switches 131, whereupon the comparator circuit 143 supplies a signal to the sequence controller 135 indicating the completion of the grinding operation. Upon completion of the grinding operation, the sequence controller causes contacts 403, as shown in FIG. 7, to produce a logic input signal 403 which opens corresponding normally closed contacts 403 connected in series with the logic relay 17 to remove the logic output signal 17 to deenergize the solenoid operated valve 157 of the work rest 147, thereby retracting the work rest 147. At the same time, the logic input signal 403 to deenergize the serially connected logic relay 16 and open the associated contacts 16 to deenergize the serially connected logic relay 4, thereby removing the logic output signal 4 to deenergize the solenoid operated valve 51 and to lower the positioner mechanism 45 to the rest position. In addition, the logic input signal 403 opens corresponding normally closed contacts 403 to deenergize the serially connected logic relay 33 which opens associated contacts 33 to deenergize logic relay 34 and open associated contacts 34 to deenergize serially connected logic relay 15. The deenergization of logic relay 15 removes logic output switch 15 to deenergize the valve 111 of the rapid feed valve arrangement 101 to move the wheel base 17 to the retracted position.

When the wheel base 17 reaches the retracted position, and the positioner mechanism 45 reaches the lowered rest position, a indexing operation is initiated to position the next crankpin for grinding. As shown in FIG. 9, with the limit switch 159 closed to produce the logic input signal O and the limit switch 91 closed to produce the logic input signal M and the plugging switch 99 operated to produce the logic output signal L, corresponding serially connected contacts O, M and L are closed in series with now closed contact 26 to energize the logic relay 18 to effect a carriage indexing operation as previously described. As the indexing operation is initiated, the carriage index plunger is removed from the notch 171 which opens the limit switch 183 to remove the logic input signal P which opens corresponding contacts P to deenergize the serially connected logic relay 29. The deenergization of the logic relay 29 opens associated contacts 29 in series with the logic relay 8, thereby removing the logic output signal 8 to deenergize the solenoid operated valve 75 of the clamping mechanism 25L 25R to relieve the pressure exerted against the ends of the crankshaft by the clamp arms 69. However, the latch pins 81 prevent the opening of the clamping mechanism 25L, 25R during the indexing operation. Accordingly, the crankshaft may be rotary indexed to align the next crankpin with the axis of rotation of the headstocks 23L, 23R, and upon completion of the indexing operation, the next crankpin may be ground as previously described.

Succeeding crankpins may be ground in the same manner until the last crankpin has been ground with the carriage index plunger 169 in the notch 171 corresponding to the last crankpin and with the limit switch 193 closed to produce the logic input signal Q. As previously described, upon completion of the grinding of the last crankpin, the carriage is returned to the enable position by the energization of the logic relay 21 which closes associated contacts 21 connected in series with normally open contacts R to condition a logic relay 35 for operation. When the workpiece carriage 13 reaches the initial position and closes the limit switch 195 to produce the logic input signal R, the corresponding contacts R are closed to energize the logic relay 35 which opens associated normally closed contacts 35 to deenergize the serially connected logic relay 26, thereby opening the associated contacts 26 throughout the sequence controller 135 as described above to end the cycle of automatic operation. Upon ending the automatic operation, the headstocks are stopped and the latches are retracted and the clamps are opened to enable the ground crankpins to be replaced and the engager is retracted to enable the ground crankshaft to be replaced with another workpiece.

From the foregoing, it is apparent that a defective operation of any one of the previously described electrical switches, for example the limit switches and pressure switches, or the failure of any of the solenoid actuated valves necessary to effect the movement of an associated mechanism may constitute a fault disabling the further operation of the grinding machine in the automatic mode. Due to the number of electrical switches and solenoids involved, it is difficult and time consuming to diagnose and correct the particular fault disabling the operation of the grinding machine.

As will be described below, the present invention provides a fault detection system which indicates the particular fault disabling the operation of the grinding machine.

As previously described, to operate the grinding machine in the automatic mode of operation, it is first necessary to have all mechanisms of the machine in an initial starting position so as to energize the logic relays 22, 23 to enable the logic input signal C and D resulting from the depression of the AUTOMATIC SELECT push button switch 211 and the CYCLE START push button 213 to initiate the operation of the machine. As previously described, the limit switch 195 for the first crankpin must be closed, the limit switch 200, for the carriage index plunger must be closed, and the index match signal must be present. In addition, the plugging switch 99 for the rotatably driven headstocks 23L, 23R must be open, the limit switch 89 for the latching mechanism 79 must be open, and the limit switch 77 for the clamping mechanisms 25L, 25R must be open. Furthermore, the limit switch 159 must be closed with the wheel base retracted. The limit switch 91 must be closed with the positioner mechanism 45 in the rest position and the limit switch 69 must be open with the locator mechanism 33 retracted. If any of these conditions are not satisfied, then the grinding machine 11 may not be operated in the automatic mode.

To provide an indication of which initial conditions are not satisfied, the fault detector arrangement of the present invention includes a plurality of indicator lights on the control panel 125 which are selectively energized according to the particular initial condition at fault thereby providing a visual indication to the operator as to which initial condition must be corrected. As previously described, the operation of each of the above mentioned limit switches produces an associated logic input signal for operating corresponding contacts in the sequence controller 135. To indicate a fault condition with any of the above mentioned switches, each of the logic input signals has corresponding contacts of an electrical condition opposite to those associated with the logic relays 22, 23 and which are connected in series with another logic relay producing a logic output signal to energize an associated indicator light.

As more particulary shown in FIG. 9, the depression of either the AUTOMATIC SELECT push buttons switch 211 or the depression of the CYCLE START push button switch 213 provides logic input signals C and D as previously described. The logic input signals C and D close corresponding contacts connected in parallel with each other to energize a logic relay 36 which in turn closes associated contacts connected in series with each of the initial fault contacts to provide the logic output signals indicating the initial faults.

More particularly, logic contacts 36 are connected in series with normally closed contacts R to energize a relay 39 which produces a corresponding logic output signal 39 indicating that the first pin is not in position for grinding. Another set of contacts 36 are connected in series with normally closed contacts P to energize logic relay 40 to produce a logic output signal 40 which energizes a serially connected light 40 to indicate that the plunger 169 is not in a notch 171. Contacts 36 are connected in series with normally closed index match contacts and logic relay 41 to produce a logic output signal 41 which energizes an associated light 41 if the index match signal is not present. Another set of contacts 36 are connected in series with normally open contacts L to energize logic relay 41' to produce a corresponding logic output signal 41' which energizes a serially connected light 41' if the headstocks 23L, 23R are running to operate the plugging switch 99. Another set of contacts 36 are serially connected with normally open contacts K to energize a logic relay 42 which produces a logic output signal 42 to energize an associated light 42 if the latch pins 81 are advanced. Another set of normally open contacts 36 are connected in series with normally open contacts J to energize logic relay 43 which produces a logic output signal 43 to energize an associated light 43 if the clamping mechanisms 25L, 25R are closed. Still another set of contacts 36 are connected in series with normally closed contacts O to energize a logic relay 44 which produces a logic output signal 44 to energize an associated light 44 if the wheel base 17 is not in the retracted position. In addition, another set of contacts 36 are connected in series with normally open contacts H to energize the logic relay 45 which produces a logic output signal 45 to energize an associated light 45 if the locator mechanism 33 is not in the retracted position. Still, another set of contacts 36 are connected in series with normally closed contacts M to energize a logic relay 46 which produces a logic output signal 46 to energize an associated light 46 if the positioner mechanism 45 is not in the lowered rest position.

Each of the logic relays 39 through 46 have associated contacts connected in parallel with each other and in series with a logic relay 58 and if any of the logic relays 39-46 are energized, the associated contacts will be closed to energize the relay 58 which in turn closes associated contacts 58 connected in series with a logic relay 38 which in turn closes associated contacts 38 connected in series with normally closed contacts E to energize a logic relay 56. Logic relay 56 closes holding contacts 56 connected in parallel with the contacts 38 and produces a logic output signal 56 which energizes an associated light 56 mounted on top of the control panel 125 indicating a general fault signal. As will be described below, the general fault light 56 is energized each time any fault occurs. At the same time, the energization of the logic relay 56 closes associated contacts 56 connected in series with normally closed contacts 25 to energize a logic relay 38 which closes associated holding contacts 38 connected in parallel with the close contacts 56 and produces a logic output signal 38 which energizes an associated light 38 indicating a fault in the automatic select operation. In addition, the energization of the logic relay 56 closes a plurality of associated contacts connected in parallel with the above mentioned contacts 36 which are closed to energize any of the logic relays 39-46 to indicate an initial fault.

Depending upon which initial fault indicator lights are energized, the initial fault disabling the operation of the machine may be quickly ascertained by an operator who may go to the machine and either visually determine the cause of the fault or may operate the particular switch to see of the switch itself is defective or in some way not operating properly. For example, it may be apparent that the wheel base 17 is not in the retracted position and therefore the limit switch 159 is not operated. However, if the wheel base 17 is in the retracted position and the limit switch 159 is operated, the resulting logic i