Title: On-line system for monitoring sheet material additives

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Abstract: An on-line system for determining the content, in a sheet material such as a paper web, of one or more additives such as titanium dioxide exhibiting relatively high-energy X-ray fluorescence and of an additive such as clay exhibiting relatively low-energy X-ray fluorescence. The sheet is irradiated with X-ray radiation of sufficiently high energy to cause the high-energy fluorescence additives to emit fluorescent radiation. Fluorescence intensity signals are generated as a function of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation from the high-energy fluorescence additives, and an absorption signal is generated as a function of the radiation passing through the sheet material without being absorbed. The fluorescence intensity signals are used to determine the content of the high-energy fluorescence additives and to determine the expected absorption of the exciting radiation by the material with the determined contents of those additives. The expected absorption is compared with the actual absorption as indicated by the absorption signal to determine the content of the low-energy fluorescence additive. In determining the content of the high-energy fluorescence additives, compensation is provided for basis weight, moisture, and the presence of the other additives. Basis weight and moisture compensation is also provided in determining the content of the low-energy fluorescence additive.


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